A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or WASHINGTON (AP) An ambitious and wide-ranging White House cybersecurity plan released Thursday calls for bolstering protections on critical sectors and making software companies legally liable. In this approach, the VW for each PSA is constructed from the dynamic storage (G) and loss (G) moduli at representative bonding and debonding frequencies of 0.01 and 100Hz, respectively. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). Scope: 4: COVID-19 mortality in 2021 and changes in life expectancy by state and sex. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. 4b,c). The estimated decline in 2021 e0 is 1.78 years (1.86 years for males and 1.64 years for females). Labels above bars indicate the states with extreme (high and low) life expectancies in 2019 and 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. Chem. July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington Stab. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Vital Strategies. First, we estimate that COVID-19 deaths in the first 4 months of 2021 have already reduced e0 by 1.8 years, and the ultimate effect on 2021 e0 will be even greater. Accept all achievement motivation scale manual Manage preferences. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). U.S. Patent 2,917,538 (December 15, 1959). Palloni, A., Pinto, G. & Beltrn-Snchez, H. Two centuries of mortality decline in Latin America: from hunger to longevity. The authors declare no other competing interests. Buss, L. F. et al. Correspondence to Nature and Biodiversity ). This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. and S.K. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. and JavaScript. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . Larger relative femalemale gaps were estimated for e65an increase of 16.3% in 2020 in Brazil and a 107% increase in 2020 in Amap. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. Integrated Projects (all subprogrammes): 19 October 2021 - Concept Note. Italian Institute for Environmental Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). ]}JazX HuEYW0l n5!R?VF|-ww!OHq3G,a@n:X%~m=}WW[ll_oq Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Clin. To interrogate this hypothesis, we measured the percent esterification under different conditions. First, we obtained mid-year population projections for 20182020 and abridged life tables estimated for 20002020 by state, age and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, or IBGE, in Portuguese) (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html). However, for a given year, we can identify states with the largest reductions. Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. Rio Grande do Sul, in the South, was the only state with an estimated increase in e0 from 2019 to 2020 for both sexes (0.07 years) but a decline for males of 0.11 years. Khoo, S. C. et al. First, as our main specification, we constructed period life tables that considered deaths by state, sex and age group. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. )W9N2S33:;Ai / YnM#@w@6~q|,Sq","Kc]FTE^gIK%q4g2J:?1*zK6J./7o#hX&M,5!zbz?-V^mnH)0"2x~&NRO~c_e5j;? Combined, these data indicate that open-loop recycling of the superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) to synthesize PSAs is both energetically and environmentally favorable compared to petroleum-derived syntheses in our assessment. Chem. T.A. 6, 35893595 (2018). Environ. To understand why esterification is so favored, we turned to small molecule model systems (Supplementary Information pgs S17S26). In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. Caruso, M. M. et al. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. Alarifi, A. S. & Aouak, T. Synthesis of acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylate or methacrylate ester polymers using pervaporation. Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. We have included these important steps in our life cycle assessments, however, our syntheses utilized the more readily accessible samples of superabsorbent polymer used to manufacture diapers at P&G. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). PubMedGoogle Scholar. 276, 123350 (2020). 75, 337345 (2002). (ed.) Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. Esterification of carboxylic acids with trialkyloxonium salts. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. . 32, 290299 (2016). Semin. The dataset provides the age and sex structure of hospitalized COVID-19 deaths, and frequent updates are made publicly available by the Ministry of Health (https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset). 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. Nature Governance ID LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Types of action LIFE Project Grants Deadline model single-stage Opening date 13 July 2021 Deadline date 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time Projetos SNAP (os chamados projetos integrados no anterior Regulamento, mas agora especficos Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. Sci. Article Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. We calculated nRx, the age-specific and sex-specific ratio of deaths from all causes other than COVID-19 to deaths inclusive of COVID-19. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, Marcia C. Castro,Susie Gurzenda&Sun Kim, Demography Department, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Office of Population Research and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA, You can also search for this author in B Biol. Chem. 4). Green. [:BiU{okw}weM~{zo=nR{=x"}C?V]nQi,"8(,|"}'Y77iY. In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. Baqui, P., Bica, I., Marra, V., Ercole, A. Google Scholar. Rocha, R. et al. The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. Health 8, E1018E1026 (2020). Fagnani, D. E. et al. Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. endobj Instead, we envisioned a 23 step method from crosslinked sodium polyacrylate: (i) acid-catalyzed or base-mediated decrosslinking to generate linear polymers, (ii) optional sonication to lower the molar mass, and (iii) functionalizing via esterification to generate tack (Fig. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Woolf, S. H., Chapman, D. A., Sabo, R. T., Weinberger, D. M. & Hill, L. Excess deaths from COVID-19 and other causes, MarchApril 2020. Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. Li, Q. et al. Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. US Patent 9,321,868 B2 (April 26, 2016). If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. 99, 99106 (2015). % Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). Nuzzo, J. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). Philos. Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. Hogan, A. et al. Lancet Glob. Lines represent changes for Brazil. The global annual production of this class of materials is estimated to be over 2 million metric tons, with disposable diapers claiming 74% of the market13. For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. When closed-loop processes are unavailable, an alternative, known as open-loop chemical recycling can be utilized. 26, 565581 (2000). 8, 1450414510 (2020). Programme: Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) . As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10). %PDF-1.7 2). J. Org. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. of 2-ethylhexanol and H2SO4 as a catalyst (Fig. Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706 (2021). Chem. & Brooks, C. L. Adaptive landscape flattening accelerates sampling of alchemical space in multisite dynamics. CAS Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. As of 9 June 2021, COVID-19 has officially claimed more than 3.7 million lives worldwide, 48% of which were in the Americas. Although some cities temporarily closed some businesses in response to the unprecedented COVID-19 surge in early 2021, no financial support was provided from January to March 2021. Report 19: the potential impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on HIV, TB and malaria in low- and middle-income countries. Revista de Administrao Pblica 54, 678696 (2020). VIGISAN. JAMA 324, 510513 (2020). EUROPE FACILITY. 19, 36923706 (2017). Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. We used several data sources to estimate the changes in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19 by state and sex in Brazil. For example, FaterSMART, a Proctor and Gamble (P&G) affiliated company, has developed and implemented a diaper recycling facility that includes used diaper acquisition, steam sterilization, shredding, and separation into the purified raw materials (cellulosics, superabsorbent polymer, and polyolefins)29. The South was the last region to be severely hit by COVID-19 in 2020 (ref. Natl Acad. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. J. Phys. In a previous paper, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil18. We hypothesized that we could potentially eliminate the need to remove water because both the polymer backbone and our alcohol solvent are hydrophobic. Castro, M. C. et al. <> 8,17). Heuveline, P. & Tzen, M. Beyond deaths per capita: comparative COVID-19 mortality indicators. Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. These are some examples of deteriorating health conditions that not only will generate a higher demand for healthcare services but also might affect future mortality patterns. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) volume12, Articlenumber:4524 (2021) Nat. J. Mol. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). Ching, T. W. et al. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. 3 0 obj Science 371, 288292 (2021). Health 7, e1575e1583 (2019). Most of their feedstocks come from nonrenewable resources3. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. 3). . Estimated change in e0 (c) and e65 (d) in 2021. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, P. Takunda Chazovachii,Michael T. Robo,E. Neil G. Marsh,Paul M. Zimmerman&Anne J. McNeil, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science InnovationCorporate R&D, The Procter & Gamble Co., West Chester, OH, USA, Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, You can also search for this author in To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. 239, 255261 (2019).
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