This species was the only auk that was flightless. It belonged to the family Alcidae (order Charadriiformes) and bred in colonies on rocky islands off North Atlantic coasts. The Great Auk was capable of accelerating under water, then shooting out of the water to land on a rocky ledge above the ocean's surface. Great auks belonged to the Alcid family of short-legged, web-footed birds that have short wings, other members being murres and puffins. *Extinct* Auks. The great auk (Pinguinus impennis), the largest and only flightless auk, is extinct. The egg was white with variable brown marbling and measured 12-13 cm in … The Great auk, although not a penguin, is often called the "penguin of the north". Habitat. Distribution and Habitat. Unfortunately, these seabirds were slaughtered into extinction in the 1800's for food and used as fish bait. Great auks were specialized predators of larger fish in the northern Atlantic. They nested in extremely dense and social colonies and mated probably for life.They laid one egg on bare rocks. The Great Auk was known to dive to depths of 249 ft (76 m) and it has been claimed that the species was able to dive to depths of 3,300 ft (1 km). The great auk is one of the more frequently referenced extinct birds in literature, much as the famous Dodo. All auks are expert divers which swim underwater using their wings, but the great auk had flipperlike wings, too short for flight. The Great Auk was a large bird, that could not fly. About Great Auk. They bred on Fink Island, which is located off the eastern coast of Newfoundland and Labrador. Utterly defenseless, great auks were killed by rapacious hunters for food and bait. The last known Great Auks (there were two auks) were killed on June 3, 1844 in Iceland. Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby depicts a great auk telling the tale of the extinction of its species. The Great Auk nested in large colonies. (Bengston, 1984) Economic Importance for Humans: Positive. The Great Auk – also known as Pinguinus impennis – is an extinct bird which lived up until the 19 th century and lived along the shores of the North Atlantic in locations which included North America, Scandinavia, Western Europe and Greenland. The Great Auk’s grim fate had been predicted as far back as 1785 by explorer George Cartwright. The Great Auk was not only much larger than other alcids, but they were the only flightless alcid. Drawing of the Great auk in its natural habitat in 19 century (Click to view larger image). The Great Auk inhabited the coastal waters of the North Atlantic, nesting in large colonies on rocky coasts and islets.
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