So you can do things like right-click and run a *.feature file (or scenario) without needing to use a JUnit runner. subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. How to specify a single scenario with jar file? var date = new java.util.Date(); In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. This capability is triggered when the table consists of a single cell, i.e. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. """, """ You can see what the result looks like here. Naturally, only one value can be returned. political education when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. will pause the test execution until a socket connection (even HTTP, currently for web-ui automation only, see. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. Now, lets continue with the variables in Karate. Changing request body in test script. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a tag for maintainability. You can use karate.callSingle() in karate-config.js like this: It can take a second JSON argument following the same rules as call. If you have to set a bunch of deeply nested keys, you can move the parent path to the top, next to the set keyword and save a lot of typing ! You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. Feature: We use it to identify the feature file and give it a small title or a one line definition. match each can be combined with contains deep so that for each JSON object a deep contains match is performed within nested lists or objects. You can even mix domain and conditional validations and perform all assertions in a single step. "a": 1, "c": 5 Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. But if you need to use values in the response headers - they will be in a variable named responseHeaders. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. the NOT operator e.g. The Background is optional. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. And thats all there is to Karate configuration ! It begins with the Feature keyword, followed by the . Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. Try this especially if you dont have much experience with programming or test-automation. Add an automation story in BDD syntax. If not, please refer to Karate's official , GitHub page which gives you a complete insight of Karate and how to set-up your project. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. """, # optional (can be null) and if present should be an array of size greater than zero, # should be an array of size equal to $.count, # use a predicate function to validate each array element, # if you prefer using 'pure' JsonPath, you can do this, # using the karate object if the expression is dynamic, """ All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. """, """ """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. height A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. Easy to create a framework. {@F1,@F2,@F3,. using the set keyword. If a few steps in your flow need to temporarily change (or completely bypass) the currently-set header-manipulation scheme, just update configure headers to a new value (or set it to null) in the middle of a script. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. function(s) { Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. karate-chrome. A header row is always expected. 12341234 bottom: 893, A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. Since Karate uses Gherkin, you can also employ data-driven techniques such as expressing data-tables in test scripts. To run a script *.feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. Difference between "select-editor" and "update-alternatives --config editor". Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. KarateIDE is: A Test Runner/Debugger and REST Client that uses KarateDSL to explore your API, import/export from cURL and generate tests/mocks from OpenAPI. intuit. In this file, we will write out the test scenarios that need to be executed for performing the API Testing. Copyright 2022 it-qa.com | All rights reserved. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. You can find more details here. } Raw Blame. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. The most important feature of Karate isno coding. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. Step 1 - Create a Gradle project. Create a Test Runner class. Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. For example a lot of Java projects directly (or indirectly) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; But, you will need runners to run your test cases on the CI/CD pipelines.Here, you can implement the JUnit runner classes and use them to execute your test cases.. Karate will execute all the feature files with the same level and the levels below within the runner class. A feature file is usually a common file which stores feature, scenarios, and feature description to be tested. For example if you have the JUnit class in the com.mycompany package, *.feature files in com.mycompany.foo and com.mycompany.bar will also be run. function() { Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. id: '#regex[0-9]+', You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. Note that the ? UI testing. } countryId: '#number', A Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically integrate Karates rich automation and data-assertion capabilities. Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Now, since this Karate Framework is using the Runner file, which also is needed in Cucumber to run the feature files, so most of the writing will follow the Cucumber standards. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. Note how karate.set() and karate.remove() below are used directly as a script statement. Here are some example assertions performed while scraping a list of child elements out of the JSON below. odd: '#(oddSchema)', In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson """, Then match each response contains deep { a, # should be an array of strings with size 2, # each array element should have a 'length' property with value 3, # should be an array of strings each of length 3, """ You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. Keep in mind that these are tests (not production code) and this config is going to be maintained more by the dev or QE team instead of the ops or operations team. Windows: Ctrl+R+1. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Definition. If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. """, """ You can do this by multiplying by 1 or using the built-in JavaScript parseInt() function: As per the JSON spec, all numeric values are treated as doubles, so for integers - it really doesnt matter if there is a decimal point or not. That said, if you really need to implement conditional checks, this can be one pattern: And this is another, using karate.call(). Examples of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document. 1 How to run a specific feature file in Karate? So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. You dont have to compile code. Not the answer you're looking for? All feature files should be in src/test/resources and create the Cucumber Runner class as CucumberRunnerTest. ] Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. Provides supports for the Data Driver Testing that is built in-house, hence no need to depend on external frameworks. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. You would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security token from the response. In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. Karate Demo. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. You can use karate.callSingle() directly in a *.feature file, but it logically fits better in the global bootstrap. Scenario: creating a repo and verifying the response * path '/user/repos' #Change the repo_name . Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. Karate has enhanced the Cucumber Scenario Outline as follows: These are best explained with examples. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. Karate tool provides you with the step definitions. In the first feature file creating a Git Repo. Set the read timeout (milliseconds). In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. You can over-ride it by using the header keyword before the method step. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. If you find yourself struggling to write dynamic JsonPath filters, look at karate.filter() as an alternative, described just below. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. For those who use Gradle, this sample build.gradle provides a gatlingRun task that executes the Gatling test of the karate-netty project . And since header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header to match. We just need to follow the Karate DSL syntax. So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. In some cases, for large payloads and especially when the default system encoding is not UTF-8 (Windows or non-US locales), you may run into issues where a java.io.ByteArrayInputStream is encountered instead of a string. And yes, variables can come from global config. Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. (with no space in between). Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. And then you have two options. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. and & will be automatically inserted. So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? You can also pass parameters into the *.feature file being called, and extract variables out of the invocation result. If you face issues such as class not found, just pull in the karate-core dependency, and use the all classifier in your pom.xml (or build.gradle). Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Karate IDE. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. } The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. Add a runner Java class with Karate Junit 5 test. The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. For example, see the sayHelloFactory() method below: And now, to get a reference to that function you can do this: This can be convenient when using shared scope because you can just call sayHello('myname') where needed. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. It is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method keyword that the actual HTTP request is issued. But note that you can use the negative form of a tag selector: ~@region=GB. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. The placeholder format defaults to angle-brackets, for example: . note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". A good example is when you want to use a CSV file as the request-body for a file-upload. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Note that regex escaping has to be done with a double back-slash - for e.g: '#regex a\\.dot' will match 'a.dot'. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. Note that this is not supported for arrays like above, and you can have only one value column. Cucumber has a limitation where Background steps are re-run for every Scenario. $ represents the response. And the right-hand-side can be any valid Karate expression. How to run a specific feature file in karate? Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. Karate provides a far more simpler and more powerful way than JSON-schema to validate the structure of a given payload. The above would result in a URL like: http://myhost/mypath?someKey=hello&anotherKey=foo. The key should not be within quotes. For some more examples check test-outline-name-js.feature. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' c It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. Response Validation a. status 200 : It will check the status code coming back from the service is 200 b. print Response is: , response : This line of code will print the response from the service in the console. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. While converting a number to a string is easy (just concatenate an empty string e.g. Keywords such as set and remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. return sdf.parse(s).time; // '.getTime()' would also have worked instead of '.time' A common requirement is to pass dynamic parameter values via the command line, and you can use the karate.properties['some.name'] syntax for getting a system property passed via JVM options in the form -Dsome.name=foo. How to save karate.prevrequest between feature files? Here is an example of how to get the current date, and formatted the way you want: And the above will result in something like this being logged: [print] 2017/10/16. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. If you don't want to run Gatling tests as part of the normal Maven test lifecycle, you can avoid the <executions> section as described previously.. Gradle . lastUpdated: { on: "#ignore" }, By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). Select all the raw data and validate it using any json validator. This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). input: { if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. More examples of Java interop and how to invoke custom code can be found in the section on Calling Java. You can even remove JSON array elements by index. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). """, # attempt to detect and ignore antialiasing, # customize color / brightness tolerances, # switch to `original` grayscale SSIM algorithm, # JS math can introduce a decimal point in some cases, # but you can easily coerce to an integer if needed, # or you can do the same on multiple lines if you wish, # set headers or params (if any) BEFORE the method step. leagueName: '##string', EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. response is a built-in variable in karate that stores HTTP API response. To test a specific feature in karate I run: mvn test -Dkarate.options="classpath:myfeature.feature". You could even have all the steps start with When and Karate wont care. And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. Also refer to the wiki for using Karate with Gradle. A stand-alone example can be found here: examples/image-comparison along with a video explanation. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. Then we can send the JSON variable to the other feature file using the call method and be sending the JSON variable, in this case, emailAddress. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. 'test1.feature', * def result = responseStatus == 404 ? The contents of my-signin.feature are shown below. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. There is also a variant of Scenario called Scenario Outline along with Examples, useful for data-driven tests. If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. By default, Karate will load all *.feature files from sub-directories as well. A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. Expect to spend $20 to $45 per square foot for a custom job. Yes, you can via tags: https://github.com/intuit/karate#tags. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. Open a feature file after you have installed the plug-in. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. For another example, see: examples.feature. Do look at the documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call. Default value is, Skip comparison for this field even if the data element or JSON key is present, Expects actual (string) value to conform to the UUID format, Expects actual (string) value to match the regular-expression STR (see examples above), Expects the JavaScript expression EXPR to evaluate to true, see, The parent of self or current item in the list, relevant when using, useful to create lists out of items (which can be lists as well), see, useful to append to a list-like variable (that has to exist) in scope, see, returns only unique items out of an array of strings or numbers, embeds the object (can be raw bytes or an image) into the JSON report output, see this, gets the value (read-only) of the environment property karate.env, and this is typically used for bootstrapping, for really advanced needs, you can programmatically generate a snippet of JavaScript which can be evaluated at run-time, you can find an example. "c": 3 convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. There can be multiple Scenario-s in a *.feature file, and at least one should be present. The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. So the only way to call this Scenario is by using the karate.setup() JS API. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. } And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context.
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