allusions to blue beard

He then goes away, leaves the palace, and the keys in her hands. . That is also why it is written that the blood is collected in basins.". Her internal conflicts between Mr. Rochester and St. John Rivers contained many complications including Mr. Rochester's mad wife Bertha, not being in love with St. John, and her own sense of self-respect. ontario lease agreement schedule a; who owns the steakhouse in wells maine; houston, texas population; $23 million dollar mansion; These keys open doors within the house to entertain her, but she's forbidden to open one, which she of course opens and finds the king's deceased wives. Its also, of course, a story designed to entertain us through its exposure of domestic horror and danger. In one version of the story, Bluebeard is a wealthy and powerful nobleman who has been married six times to beautiful women who have all mysteriously vanished. Each time he starts a new iteration of the robot, he eliminates the AI of the previous one and puts the robot body inside a cupboard in his vault. There will always be too many gaps to see anything more than a small fragment of the whole picture, even if there are still enough knots to get a sense of the shape. She made use of one part of it to marry her sister Anne to a young gentleman who had loved her a long while; another part to buy captains' commissions for Why are all the women frightened of the rich man? This is recorded in a biography of St. Gildas, written five centuries after his death in the sixth century. Another possible source for the Bluebeard legend is the Breton king Conomor the Accursed, who married Tryphine, who was subsequently warned by the ghosts of his previous wives that he murders them as soon as they become pregnant. An allusion is a reference to something else; it can be indirect or explicit. Character Overview We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make yourown. There was a man who had fine houses, both in town and country, a deal of silver and gold plate, embroidered furniture, and coaches gilded all over with gold. Analyzes how the red room incident serves as the main traumatic incident in jane's childhood at gateshed and lowood. The brothers in Perrault's story are not idly sitting in a forest close to the king's castle eagerly awaiting their rescue missions; they had already arranged a visit as a guest to her house on that day. Since Tryphine herself is pregnant by this stage, she flees the castle in a panic, but Conomor catches up with her and murders her. Known for graphing the shapes of archetypical stories, Vonnegut argued the shapes of stories could be fed into computers, and mapped them along a Y-axis of good to ill-fortune and an X-axis from beginning to end. In giving his wife the keys to his castle, Bluebeard is acting the part of the serpent, and therefore of the devil, and his wife the part of the victim held by the serpent's gaze. Analyzes how jane leaves thornfield with limited money and food and with an unknown direction of where to go. allusions to blue beard. The Question and Answer section for Bluebeard is a great In the latter tale it is the Virgin Mary who holds the key to the forbidden room and who punishes transgressions. Analyzes how jane eyre collides with a struggle between passion and reason through the end of her stay at gateshead. Open them all; go into all and every one of them; except that little closet which I forbid you, and forbid it in such a manner that, if you happen to open it, there will be no bounds to my just anger and resentment. The Story of Blue Beard is French folktale published in 1895 by Charles Perrault. [3][4] The notoriety of the tale is such that Merriam-Webster gives the word "Bluebeard" the definition of "a man who marries and kills one wife after another". the evil stepmother poisons claras mother to marry her rich father. until the last trumpet ever to be sounded shall blow even algebra to wreck Dickens here alludes to the Book of Revelations, in which angels sound trumpets announcing the end of time. After decades of promoting abstract expressionism, Rabos final work is a precise recreation of where he stood at the end of World War II. forest surrounded by the protection of her father and three brothers (no mother is mentioned) until a king happens by and asks the father for the hand of his daughter. A young wife breaks her husbands bane and enters a forbidden closet, where finds corpse of his ex-wives. It didnt take long for the young wifes curiosity to get the better of her, and she risked a peek in the forbidden chamber. [16], For folklorist Bruno Bettelheim, Bluebeard can only be considered a fairy tale because of the magical bleeding key; otherwise, it would just be a monstrous horror story. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Bluebeard (Blaubart) by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, 1812. Bluebeard's violent actions against his string of wives and his controlling and misogynist demeanor have frequently been viewed by feminist critics as model representatives of nineteenth-century patriarchal violence in the domestic realm. Several film versions of the story were made: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Analyzes how susan bernstein, a psychologist, demonstrated grief and loss on children with the childhood depiction of jane eyre. she is well-versed in the morals of forgiveness, forbearance, and love. np21735 4754.56360 the north face [43], In Helen Oyeyemi's Mr. Fox, Mr. Fox is a writer of slasher novels, with a muse named Mary. . Wolf, Julia . Bluebeard is a generous, kind-hearted, wealthy nobleman called Bertrand de Montragoux who marries a succession of grotesque, adulterous, difficult, or simple-minded wives. However, the date of retrieval is often important. After she accidentally drops the key into a stream of blood that flows toward her out of the secret room, the blood sticks to the key resisting her efforts to wipe it off. Whether one applies Freudian, Jungian, Marxist, or feminist perspectives to "Bluebeard," the Grimms' beastly Bluebeard symbolizes the power structures of the era's ossified German patriarchy that still needed the forbidden room to keep women's curiosity and desire for independence in check. He killed children in astounding numbers (and appears to have sexually abused them first). In Revelations 11:15, the last trumpet is blown: "And the seventh angel sounded; and there were great voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and he shall reign for ever and ever." will review the submission and either publish your submission or providefeedback. Analyzes how dunn and bronte believe that women still have a long way to go in the fight for feminist rights. The blood on the key indicates that she now has knowledge. In this passage, the scribes and Pharisees bring Jesus a woman who has committed adultery, saying that Mosaic law commands that she be stoned. Analyzes how kate forsyth explores the rapunzel story alongside de la force's story in bitter greens. Analyzes how jane eyre encounters her first glimpse of social infrastructure beginning with mrs. reed and her children, primarily john reed. Is the story of Bluebeard based on a real person? Analyzes how the reed children, eliza, georgiana, and john, intrude upon jane's room while jane is secretly reading within the warmth of the "folds of scarlet drapery". Bronte uses Bluebeard to foreshadow Rochester's first wife, Bertha, being locked away from society in a hidden room on the third floor. She invites her sister, Anne, and her friends and cousins over for a party. The bloody key is the only supernatural element in this grisly tale, which if it didnt contain this detail of the blood that remains even when it has supposedly been wiped from the key would scarcely qualify as a fairy tale at all, but more as a domestic story of marital violence and murder. After you claim a section youll have 24 hours to send in a draft. The patterned shuffle of narrative threads, he seems to say, is a calculated magic trick, one perhaps simple enough to map, but difficult to fully comprehend. (One might interpret the clinging power of the blood as a projection of her guilt onto the key.) O, Blue, Frederick J. This allusion is not a casual one, for the plot of Jane Eyre has much in common with the tale of Bluebeard. That the forbidden room in "Bluebeard" clearly refers to an unlocking of sexual desires is suggested by the Grimms' tale of "Fichter's Bird," another variation of the "Bluebeard" story. The king then tries to kill her for her untrustworthiness but her brothers save . A studied analysis of the horrific capabilities of corrupt masculinity (as suggested by the uber-masculine sobriquet of the central, murderous character), Bluebeard is one of the most perennially popular of fairy tales though far from the most typical. her doctor, mr. lloyd, visits her and makes jane feel hopeless again. Bertha does die in the end of Brontes novel, though not at the hands of her husband. Analyzes how perrault's version of cinderella is more fleshed out and person-like. The female protagonist's unlocking of the forbidden room in the Grimms' tales closely resembles Eve's daring act to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge. allusions to blue beard Encyclopedia.com. Analyzes how jane and mr. rochester marry happily and feel a sense of balance with her life. Analyzes how bront often refers to a shrub in places such as "leafless shrubbery" and "storm-beat shrub" to describe jane's feeling of solitude. Bluebeard study guide contains a biography of Charles Perrault, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Also, his current bride has never heard any news or rumors of him doing anything sinister. In her first home at Gateshead, Jane Eyre encounters her first glimpse of social infrastructure beginning with Mrs. Reed and her children, primarily John Reed. In addition to the written fairy tale, there is a movie version that tells the same story but still differentiates from the book fairy tale. More books than SparkNotes. When she begins to fall for her master at Thornfield, Edward Rochester, she slowly breaks down her defensive barrier and finds herself more vulnerable than ever (Bronte somewhere around Chapters 15-16). So this is what had happened to all of Bluebeards previous wives! He is currently working toward his MFA in creative writing at Northwestern University, where he is the Assistant Managing Editor at TriQuarterly. Analyzes how margaret atwood's version of bluebeard is more of a psychological horror than the gruesome reality of perrault. The same technique yields two dramatically different paintings. London: Routledge, 2009. The story alludes to Dragoons and musketeers. "Bluebeard (Blaubart) by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, 1812 Fairy Tale Elements in Jane Eyre By Paula Sulivan lthough some critics have mentioned the resemblance of aspects of A Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre to fairy tales, particularly to Cinderella,' none has done an extensive, in-depth study of the fairy bront's jane eyre explores the significance of individual fulfillment in an oppressive society. castigos para retos entre amigos 5th June 2022 - by. Today I wish to focus on a couple of allusions: a species called the Flood, who appear in nearly all of the games, and the Ark, which appeared in Halo 3. To one of his country seats. Her parents are dead when she was little, her dead uncle begged his evil wife, Mrs. Reed, to take care of Jane until she becomes an adult. An editor Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bront, was published in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Company, in London. The catch in Atwoods tale is a much more believable and modern plot device. Isnt it a too severe punishment? It is time to move beyond partisanship and?build a stronger tomorrow." Neither time nor place is not mentioned. Bronte successfully reveals this balance at the end of the novel by Jane receiving a large amount of money, allowing Jane to be with Mr. Rochester without Bertha, Jane discovering she has family, and Jane starting her own family with Mr. Rochester. The way it disturbs, distresses is meant to undermine some illusion of duration, of time controlled, even simply perceived. Every novel, by definition executing manipulations that slow or speed up time, must grapple with this illusion. every hardship and trouble jane endured, from gateshead to morton, amplifies the perfect balance between passion and reason. she turns hysterical when she thinks that she has seen the ghost and cries out "o aunt! [41], In Anatole France's The Seven Wives of Bluebeard, Bluebeard is the victim of the tale, and his wives the perpetrators. shimano ep8 630wh battery range By the end of this essay it will be proven that Janes life at Gateshead has shaped her development as a young woman and bildungsroman. Copyright 2000-2023. This shows how dignified Jane is and how she is always able to stand up for what she believes in. This is particularly noteworthy among some German variants, where the heroine calls for help much like Sister Anne calls for help to her brothers in Perrault's Bluebeard. He entrusted her with the keys to all of the various rooms in the house which contained his treasure. Opines that charlotte bront's talent in writing and the literary devices employed in the novel were the most radical books of the victorian era. the rich and ignorant victorian men who possessed the misogynistic discrimination against women are portrayed through john's character. The first one is person vs. self, for the young wife has a certain kind of an inner battle. Bertha is isolated from society and held captive in a secret room because she is not the model wife and acts out despite her husband. Analyzes how jane's curiosity is similar to that of bluebeards wife. Essays for Bluebeard. She loses the key and her lover hides the three duplicates. So, thats an experiment. In the verse Rachael quotes, Jesus responds, "He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her." Analyzes how antoinette cosway and jane eyre experience different internal and external journeys that help navigate them to eventual happiness. 05 Jun 2022 ls3 6l80e swap 13th March 2022 - bycurtis wayne wright jr wife. Through these structural similarities, Everett brings his thoughts on abstract art into conversation with Vonnegut: Rabo chooses to paint over his most famous abstract work after it has decayed in the creation of a work of realism; in So Much Blue, Everett adds another layer atop the surface, returning the canvas to one of abstraction. At this point, she is more self-reliant than ever and attempts to find. Instead, an egg, associated with the female role in reproduction, is dropped into the blood in the forbidden room of a sorcerer. Analyzes how jane's life in gateshead shapes her to become a mature and independent young woman full of courage. Allusions to Blue Beard as a tyrannous husband were common in nineteenth-century literature. [22], Some European variants of the ballad Lady Isabel and the Elf Knight, Child ballad 4, closely resemble this tale. Analyzes how bronte uses bluebeard to foreshadow rochester's first wife, bertha, being locked away from society in a hidden room on the third floor. Analyzes how bront uses the metaphor of a tree during the opening chapter to pivot the readers thoughts momentarily from jane's sadness, to her wish to simply sprout and grow out of her current conditions. The novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bront is about a female character battling society's conservative view on women's rights and roles in civilization. Nationality/Culture About Trust; Advisory Board; Anti Ragging Committee; Governing Body; CMD'S Message; THE INSTITUTE. But this man was so unlucky as to have a blue beard, which made him so frightfully ugly that all the women and girls ran away from him. Analyzes how jane eyre becomes financially independent and self-reliant at moor house. The original Beauty and the Beast tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont is said to be a story created to condition young women into the possibility of not only marriage, but marrying young, and to placate their fears of the implications of an older husband. Bluebeards wife has the dead wives formally buried, and inherits Bluebeards castle. Jane is forced to succumb to his abuse for a momentary lapse of time which leads to emotional buildup. ." after the marriage ceremony between jane and rochester is interrupted, we are introduced to bertha. Instead, she has chosen to open the door of truth. Pandora and Psyche are examples of women in mythic stories whose curiosity have dire consequences. In both Grimm tales the female figures evoke images of Eve as scapegoats for the origin of evil in Western civilization. If abstract expressionism is a reaction to the worldwide horrors of the early twentieth century, Vonnegut here attempts to pan the camera back to the tragic realities of warfare. Explains that at gateshed jane only suffered from, "human attention meant criticism" at lowood jane starved and frozen. In Perrault's version, by contrast, the woman is not totally dependent on her brothers for helpshe has a sister and two brothers. In order to clarify the Grimms' adaptation of Perrault's tale to nineteenth-century male-dominated German society, a short overview of the story line of Grimms' "Bluebeard" follows. allusions to blue beard +1 (760) 205-9936. Bluebeard gives his wife the keys to his castle. The story appears in numerous countries, but first became known in England through an eighteenth-century translation of Charles Perrault's Contes du Temps. There are several candidates. When first exploring the dark hall of Thornfield's third floor Jane tells us, "I lingered in the long passage to which this led [. She tells her sister about the horrible secret she has discovered, and they hatch a plan to flee the castle the following morning. Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. [7] However, Gilles de Rais did not kill his wife, nor were any bodies found on his property, and the crimes for which he was convicted involved the sexually-driven, brutal murder of children rather than women. [10], In addition, hidden or forbidden chambers were not unknown in pre-Perrault literature. Compares the ending of the story and the movie, wherein the younger sister is frantically begging for mercy from her spouse. Within Jane Eyre lies an explicit reference to the tale of Bluebeard. Analyzes how charlotte bront's novel, jane eyre, was written during the victorian era when women were seen less than equals to men, but more as property and an asset. . It relies on our fear of mortality for its meaning. Analyzes how jane eyre's literary success of the 19th century has been cheaply commercialized critics merely assigned literary themes to their reviews to "get it over with." "The White Dove", "The Robber Bridegroom" and "Fitcher's Bird" (also called "Fowler's Fowl") are tales similar to "Bluebeard". The man is considered "ugly" and has a blue beard so the women are afraid of him. Vonnegut and Everett, even if commodifying art through disparate philosophies, would never expect their work to function in a vacuum. Why should she die? Fairy tale by Andrew Lang - Blue fairy book. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. by Sarika Rao April 2009. One of the stories in the book is about a girl named Mary who has a fear of serial killers because her father raised her on stories about men who killed women who did not obey them and then killed her mother. Analyzes how jane's time at thornfield draws to a close when the truth about mr. rochesters past reveals itself. One source is believed to have been the 15th-century convicted serial killer Gilles de Rais, a nobleman who fought alongside Joan of Arc and became both Marshal of France and her official protector, then was hanged and burned as a murderous witch. Analyzes how even the servants in the novel are shown as people who respect the patriarchal society. Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (17851863) and Wilhelm Carl Grimm (17861859), the two oldest surviving chi, Dinesen, Isak Analyzes how the evil stepmother trope is still going strong in fairy tales. Analyzes how jane's friendship with helen burns plays a crucial role in controlling her zealous manner. ', "Thou'rt an Angel; it may be thou hast saved my soul alive! In other words, Bronte's novel never got the appreciation it deserved, in the areas it deserved. Both novels are first-person fictional autobiographies about painters haunted by mass atrocitiesfor Rabo, the Armenian Genocide and the Holocaust; for Kevin, the Salvadoran Civil War. Tales of Bluebeard and His Wives from Late Antiquity to Postmodern Times. (Seats are metonymy which stands for residences). [15], Jungian psychoanalyst Clarissa Pinkola Ests refers to the key as "the key of knowing" which gives the wife consciousness. the movie version tells the same story but still differentiates from the book fairy tale. The weight of global tragedy, the millions killed, starving, and displaced, is beyond abstraction. Touring the world with friends one mile and pub at a time; southlake carroll basketball. This piece was originally published on April 1, 2021. Some scholars have theorized that he was testing his wife's obedience, and that she was killed not for what she discovered there, but because she disobeyed his orders. Reference Guide to Short Fiction. Narrates how he gorged himself at table, which made him bilious, and gave him dim and bleared eye and flabby cheeks. she exclaims, "why could i never please? The young wife is a protagonist of the story, while Blue Beard is an antagonist. Interesting Literature is a participant in the Amazon EU Associates Programme, an affiliate advertising programme designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.co.uk. with only one little window at the far end, and looking, with its two rows of small black doors all shut, like a corridor in some Bluebeard's castle . A group of pilgrims trave, Aladdin In it, the narrator, an Armenian-American painter named Rabo Karabekian, chews much on the dilemma of arts purpose and worth. His seventh wife discovers their bodies and is saved when her brothers kill Blue Beard. Dunn also uses his poem to give Brontes writing purpose in modern day. Analyzes how jane eyre's happy ending, ferndean, is a cumulative representation of the end of her journey for individual fulfillment. allusions to blue beard Latest Post. they pity jane, as she is subdued to this attack and terror. Because of the important precedence of the Perrault tale "La barbe bleue," Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm decided to omit "Bluebeard" from their collection beginning with the second edition in 1819. John is the first person to cement her place in the household with physical taunting and verbal derision. However, she is eventually overcome with the desire to see what the secret room holds, and she sneaks away from the party and ventures into it. Analyzes how bront uses short sentences to create tension and atmosphere. [14] It shows the beast as secretly compassionate, and someone meant to curb the aggressive sexual fears that young women have towards marriage. Analyzes how bront's use of different shades of red symbolises royalty and heat, while the next paragraph contains a semantic field for coldness and solitude. GradeSaver, 16 September 2017 Web. Pronunciation When the director of Lowood, Mr. Brocklehurst, asks Jane how she will avoid going to Hell, she replies with, I must keep in good health and not die (Bronte 41). However the modern version I will be focusing on is Bluebeards Egg by Margaret Atwood. t on earth. Today we need a double focus when we read stories like the Grimms' version of "Bluebeard": a child's eye that hungrily absorbs the charm, magic, and fantastic elements of the tale and the mature, contemporary eye, exploring traces that break the magic spell of enchanted forests and shed light on social issues and gender questions in the modern world. Analyzes stephen dunn's poem, "charlotte bronte in leeds point", which connects itself to jane eyre in characters analysis, setting, and common themes in the novel. The story is told from the third point of view by an omniscient narrator. how much is internet on princess? former wcti reporters; winter village montreal; western new england university greek life; 1980 camaro z28 for sale in canada. Analyzes how the story of bluebeard is portrayed intelligently in two different measures in order to grasp the viewer or reader to fall in love with it. Encyclopedia.com. The husband character is in fact a womanizer (it is implied). Analyzes how jane eyre's third home at thornfield is her chance to grow her self-sufficiency to fruition though her life-long yearning for true love tests her inner peace. 13 Mar 2022 garmin discontinued models. [17], For scholar Philip Lewis, the key offered to the wife by Bluebeard represents his superiority, since he knows something she does not. He bullied and punished menot two or three times in the week, nor once or twice in the day, but continually (Bront 4). The Bluebeard Reference in Jane Eyre Within Jane Eyre lies an explicit reference to the tale of Bluebeard. There were farmhouses here and there, and the ruins of a medieval watchtower on the rim where we stood. Compares antoinette cosway and jane eyre's journeys in their lives. She lets herself go and allows her vulnerability to be shown both internally and externally. The paradox is that he forbids her to enter the closet, but he gives her a key to it. Just as the myth of Eve has been used in Western religious history to rationalize male fear and negation of women, "Bluebeard" can be read as a warning for women not to succumb to sexual curiosity, Eros, and fantasy because it might result in male brutality and anxiety. Analyzes how bront's preface to the second edition of the novel contains many personal thoughts that reveal her true beliefs and thoughts. A young girl marries a king, and one day when he goes away to another land he leaves the girl with a set of keys. (TALK ABOUT OTHER VERSIONS). Nought will avail, said Blue Beard, you must die. Women breaking men's rules in the fairy tale can be seen as a metaphor for women breaking society's rules and being punished for their transgression. Jane Eyre was written during the Victorian Era when women were seen less than equals to men, but more as property and an asset. She remains with Bluebeard despite knowing he is a murderer, and gives birth to Bluebeard's children. jane's life at lowood is an improvement compared to gateshead. The golden key, however, endowed with magic power, becomes the outward sign of her betrayal. Analyzes how bronte's jane eyre is a good match for rochester, who invites the ingram sisters and their friends and family to celebrate at his estate. Find his work at arammrjoian.com, The Moral Universe in Ninety-Nine Stories of God, Marcus Wicker and the Poetics of Scrolling, Water, Stars, and Home in Things We Lost to the Water. Analyzes how bront used her as a critique of the victorian patriarchal society. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bluebeard-blaubart-jacob-and-wilhelm-grimm-1812. This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 19:45. The picture was so realistic that it might have been a photograph. Analyzes how jane realizes her role as an outcast at gateshead, which was transferred to lowood where she was maliciously isolated by the headmaster. Explains davies, mererid puw, the tale of bluebeard in german literature. Cultural references are also common. Enter your email address to subscribe to this site and receive notifications of new posts by email. The book has been interpreted as a feminist struggle for sexual power. Adaptations of Feminism in Arabian Nights, Almyna, and Blue-Beard. Looking-glass. The fatal effects of female curiosity have long been the subject of story and legend. the proposal from st. john rivers, jane's cousin, causes a mental war. Analyzes how the power of books is brought out in other places in these two chapters. Analyzes how bront uses the theme of coldness to develop a semantic field of water and islands to represent escape. John states, You are a dependent, mamma says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen's children like us (Bront 5). We feature this version, which is more mild than the one told by The Brothers Grimm. Signup for our newsletter to get notified about our next ride. Bla Bartk's opera Bluebeard's Castle (1911), with a libretto by Bla Balzs, names "Judith" as wife number four. Percival Everetts So Much Blue (2017) borrows much of Vonneguts architecture. Every time she cleaned the key, the blood remained. Analyzes how jane was resented and lacking love to balance her out. Bluebeard, an elderly artists autobiography, carries its fear of mortality in Rabos attempts to control the representation of a historic moment in time in painting a realist work. Analyzes how bront contrasts jane's loneliness and depression with the pleasure and contentment in the living room of gateshead, the reed familys official residence. Bluebeards name, foregrounding his beard of deepest black (its not literally blue, we assume! Not affiliated with Harvard College. Jane Eyre's literary success of the time has been cheaply commercialized. Many 19th century critics merely assigned literary themes to their reviews to "get it over with". I imagine thats part of Everetts disdain for the term innovative. To be dubbed innovative suggests that neither the author nor the critic has done their homework. She set about cleaning it, wiping the blood from the key but the blood returned. This is in part due to the different time periods the stories were written in, as well as the time they were set in. The other wives were Collette Passage, Jeanne de la Cloche, Gigonne, Blanche de Gibeaumex, Angle de la Garandine, and Alix de Pontalcin.

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allusions to blue beard